The Grove catches fire

New Year’s Day 1934 might have been a good day for the folks at the Grove, the mansion built by Territorial Governor Richard Keith Call, but the night of the first day of 1934 did not go well.  Around 10 pm that evening, a fire broke out on the top floor of the northern section of the building.  According to the Daily Democrat (the precursor to the Tallahassee Democrat) a strong wind spread the fire across the roof, which destroyed the building’s entire north addition along with its contents.  The fire caused an estimated $6,000 in damage.  In 2023 dollars that would equate to more than $107,000.

At the time of the fire, Reinette Long Hunt, great-granddaughter of Governor Call, was the owner of the Grove.  Hunt, her mother Cora Gamble Long, and Hunt’s brother Richard Call Long were all living at the Grove when the fire broke out in the 110-year-old house.  Hunt had been operating the former private home as a hotel.  It’s believed that electrical problems caused the fire. Once the repairs were finished Reinette continued to run the Grove Hotel until she died in 1940. Eventually, The Grove was owned by Governor LeRoy Collins and his wife Mary Call Darby Collins, who was another great-grandchild of Richard Keith Call.

While the home was repaired after the fire, it led to another tragedy for the family.  Reinette’s brother, fifty-year-old Richard, was injured while putting out the fire. He stepped on a nail and ended up with blood poisoning.  He never had a chance to fully recover. According to his obituary published two and half months later in the Daily Democrat, while still ill from his infection, he caught measles and then developed pneumonia. Richard Call Long died March 19, 1934.

Today the Grove is a museum and run by the State of Florida.

January 1, 1957

Governor orders suspension of Tallahassee buses                                                                                              

On January 1^st, 1957, Florida Governor Leroy Collins used his emergency powers to shut down Tallahassee’s Bus system.  For months, the city’s black community had been boycotting the segregated bus lines. While the boycott had officially ended in December, the Inter Civic Council (ICC) had continued to organize protests, including the riding of the busses in a “non-segregated manner.”  Threats against the ICC leaders grew.  On New Year’s Eve, leaders of the ICC and their families were targeted with violence. Shotgun blasts destroyed Cornelius Speed’s store window. His cousin, Dan Speed, was leading the “Ride the Bus Integrated” campaign for the ICC. Meanwhile, bricks, and then rocks were thrown at the home of ICC leader Reverend C.K. Steele. The rocks broke windows on both the first and second floors.  According to Glenda Alice Rabby’s book “The Pain and the Promise,” Steele was afraid that a bomb might follow the rocks, so his wife gathered his young children in the center of the house while he sat up all night with a loaded gun. 

Even with the violence and threats targeting them, Steele and the ICC were not happy with the Governor’s suspension of the bus service the next day.   In issuing the order, Collins said that he regretted stopping the buses, but also said he enacted the emergency order because the violence had “seriously threatened the lives and well-being of citizens of both races as well as the peace, tranquility, and good order of the community.”   While Collins condemned the violence of what he called “extreme, rapid pro-segregationists,” he also blamed black leadership for staging demonstrations and situations to get media coverage.  The bus system stayed shut down until February 12^th.

January 2, 1957

Cross burned at Bethel Baptist Church in Tallahassee

On this day in 1957, a four-foot cross was burned in front of the church run by Tallahassee Civil Rights leader, Reverend C.K. Steele.  According to the Tallahassee Democrat, Steele’s 12-year-old son, Clifford, spotted the fire at Bethel Missionary Baptist Church around 9:30 pm. His mother called the police and the family put out the flames.   The cross was described as about 4 feet tall and covered in Spanish moss that had been soaked in Kerosene. Photos of Reverend Steele with the cross were taken the next day. 

While Police Chief Frank Stoutamire told the Democrat that there was no evidence pointing to the culprits, the Steele family and other black leaders had been targeted by vandalism and violence due to their ongoing efforts to integrate the city’s bus system. On New Year’s Eve rocks had broken several windows at the Steele’s home leading to the Governor suspending bus service in the city.  At the time of the fire, Reverend Steele had been at another church attending a meeting of the Inter Civic Council.

January 2, 2000

Music Great Passes Away

Legendary Jazz musician Nat Adderley died on this day in Lakeland, Florida at the age of 68. Born in Tampa on November 25, 1931, Adderley’s family, including older brother Julian “Cannonball” Adderley, moved to Tallahassee when Nat was very young.  His parents worked at Florida A&M College (FAMC).  Nat’s father, Julian Adderley Sr. was also a professional musician.

Growing up in a musical family, Nat played the trumpet and the cornet.  He not only performed as a teenager in the FAMC Marching band (the precursor to Florida A & M’s Marching 100), but as a young man Nat and his brother performed at venues around Tallahassee with future music icon Ray Charles. Graduating from FAMC in 1951, Nat served in the army for two years. 

The Adderley brothers gained fame while performing together in the Cannonball Adderley Quintet. Nat composed many songs, including his well-known “The Work Song.”  Adderley once told an interviewer that watching convicts working to pave Pensacola Street in Tallahassee as a child inspired the song he wrote as an adult.  He said the call and response of the prisoners were instrumental in creating the song’s unique sound.  The Quintet disbanded after Cannonball’s death in 1975, but Nat continued to create and perform.  He worked on over 100 albums and was inducted into the Jazz Hall of Fame in 1997.

Nat Adderley died of complications from diabetes in 2000.  He is buried near his brother in Tallahassee at the Southside Cemetery.

In January 2023, Tallahassee’s Cascades Park Amphitheater was renamed in honor of the Adderley family.

On December 7, 2023, Florida A&M University’s Board of Trustees voted to rename FAMU’s Institute for Research in Music and Entertainment Industry Studies to honor the Adderley brothers. 

January 2, 1981

Red Barber takes to the NPR airwaves

On January 2, 1981, Sports Announcer Red Barber began weekly appearances on National Public Radio’s Morning Edition from his Tallahassee home.

Barber had become famous as a sportscaster during his four-decade career, announcing games for the Cincinnati Reds, Brooklyn Dodgers, and the New York Yankees.   He started off with the Reds in 1934, but it was during his time with the Dodgers in the 40s and 50s that his legendary status accelerated.  

Barber moved to Tallahassee with his wife, Lylah, in 1972.  Lylah had gone to school at Florida State College for Women and was familiar with the area. Despite his “retirement,” Barber continued to work. He covered sports in a weekly column in the Tallahassee Democrat and wrote several books, including “1947: When All Hell Broke Loose in Baseball” which covered the time when Jackie Robinson joined the Brooklyn Dodgers.

In 1981, Barber added a new item to his resume through a weekly conversation with Bob Edwards of NPR’s Morning Edition about sports.  Each Friday morning, from his home in Waverly Hills, they would talk about current sports topics and other things, including the flowers around Barber’s home. When WFSU Public Media built a new facility in the early 1980’s it was named after Barber.   Barber continued the conversations on Morning Edition until he died in 1992 at the age of 84.  After Barber passed away, the city created a special tribute garden to him in McCarty Park in Tallahassee’s Chain of Parks).  Several camellias from his home were transplanted to the site.

January 3, 1861

Florida begins the process of leaving the Union

On this day in 1861, Florida delegates met in Tallahassee at the capitol building to begin the process of seceding from the United States of America.  Following the election of Abraham Lincoln as President, Florida Governor Madison S. Perry called for a special convention to discuss Florida’s right to withdraw from the Union.   The Museum of Florida History and other sources says there were debates inside and outside of the meeting for and against the decision, but those in favor were more numerous. Seven days after the start of the Convention, on January 10, the delegates passed the “Ordinance of Secession” making Florida the third state to secede (South Carolina and Mississippi were first). The vote was 62 to 7. At this point, Florida had only been a state for 15 years.

Learn more about Florida’s history during the Civil War by checking out Episode Three of WFSU’s Florida Footprints Documentary series. The episode is called “The Confederate Road.”

January 3, 1978

First woman is sworn into Florida’s Appellate Court 

On this day in 1978, Tallahassee’s Anne Cawthon Booth became the first woman to sit on an Florida’s First District Court of Appeal. It was the first time a woman had sat on the appellate court in the state.

Booth had grown up in Tallahassee and graduated from Leon High School and attended the University of Florida for both college and law school.  She was a law clerk for Florida Supreme Court Justice Millard Caldwell and later Chief Justice Joseph Boyd.  According to her obituary, in in a letter Justice Caldwell wrote Booth during the hiring process, Caldwell asked her why he “should hire a woman as law clerk.”  She responded with “I am a hard-to-get-along-with, very short-tempered person. It sounds to me like the only person who would put up with you would be a woman.” Caldwell hired her and she worked for the court for 9 years.

Booth and her husband opened their own law firm where Booth worked until 1978 when Governor Reubin Askew appointed her to the Court of Appeals. At her swearing-in ceremony, the Tallahassee Democrat reported that Booth told the audience, “I will do everything in my power to live up to the trust and confidence shown in me by the nominating commission and the governor.”   Booth became Chief Justice of the Court in 1985 and continued on the Court of Appeals until she retired in 2005.

Judge Booth passed away on June 14, 2021 at her Tallahassee home.

January 5, 1965

NFL Player Born in Perry

American NFL punter Rick Tuten was born on this day in Perry, Florida.  Tuten attended Forest High School in Ocala before starting his college career at the University of Miami. After two seasons, he transferred to Florida State University in Tallahassee in 1985 to play the rest of his college career for Legendary Coach Bobby Bowden.  Known as “Bootin’” Tuten, the majority of Tuten’s 10-year professional football career was spent with the Seattle Seahawks. Tuten also played for the Eagles, the Buffalo Bills, and the St. Louis Rams.  Tuten died unexpectedly at the age of 52 in 2017 while traveling in Costa Rica.

January 6, 1827

Happy Birthday, Jefferson County!

Florida’s Territorial Legislature created Jefferson County on this day in 1827.  Originally part of Leon County, the new county was named for former President Thomas Jefferson.  Jefferson had died the previous July.  Initially, a post office run by John G. Robinson was declared the Jefferson County seat.  A more formal town was organized in 1828 and given the name Monticello after Jefferson’s home in Virginia.

January 7, 1957

Segregation without using the word “Segregation”

On this day in 1957, Tallahassee City Commissioners voted to remove language from the bus company’s franchise agreement that required them to “make and enforce reasonable rules and regulations providing for the segregation of the human races when more than one race is transported on the same bus.”  The decision came after a 7-month boycott of the bus system by Tallahassee’s black community. Just days before the vote, the Governor shut down the bus system after violence toward boycott leaders on New Year’s Eve.  A 1956 U.S. Supreme Court decision also played a role in the decision.  The court had ruled in Browder v. Gayle that bus segregation was unconstitutional.  However, the Tallahassee City Commission had a new plan to continue segregation on the buses without putting it in writing. In that same meeting on January 7^th that eliminated the word from the bus agreement, the commission passed an ordinance giving the bus drivers the power to assign people riding the bus to assigned seats. Anyone who had a problem with it could get a refund and get off the bus or face arrest.  This essentially allowed the city and the bus company to continue the practice of segregation.  

January, 9, 1978

Serial killer Ted Bundy arrives in Tallahassee

Murderer Ted Bundy arrived in Tallahassee on this day in 1978. Just two weeks before, he had escaped from a jail near Aspen, Colorado where he was awaiting trial.  It was Bundy’s second jailbreak.  The first time he had been on the run for 6 days before he was recaptured.  The second time, Bundy planned his escape better and got much farther.   He traveled to Denver, Chicago, Ann Arbor, Atlanta, and finally reached Tallahassee by Trailways bus. 

Bundy rented a place at The Oak rooming house on West College Avenue (next to the current Sigma Alpha Epsilon Fraternity) under the fake name Chris Hagen. While he was older than most students at Florida State University, Bundy felt comfortable on college campuses. He spent time at the law library and at college night spots around town.  In the early morning of January 15^th, Bundy entered into the Chi Omega Sorority house just a few blocks from his rooming house. He attacked four sleeping women using a club, beating them severely. Two were killed.  After leaving the sorority house, Bundy broke into another house several blocks away and attacked another woman. She also survived.

January 10, 1861

Florida quits the Union

On this day in 1861, Florida’s Secession Convention passed the Ordinance of Secession which declared the state “a sovereign and independent nation” by a vote of 62 to 7.   The decision made Florida the 3rd state to resign from the United States, right behind South Carolina and Mississippi.

The one-page Ordinance was signed in a solemn ceremony the next day on the east steps of the Capitol building.  In her book, “Through Some Eventful Years”, Tallahassee resident Susan Bradford Eppes shared sections of her teenage diary from that day:

“As the old town clock struck one, the Convention, headed by President McGehee, walked out on the portico. In a few moments, they were grouped about the table on which someone had spread the parchment on which the ordinance of secession was written. It was impossible for me to tell in what order it was signed, the heads were clustered so closely around the table, but presently I heard Col. Ward’s familiar voice. There was a little break in the crowd, and I saw him quite plainly. He dipped his pen in the ink and, holding it aloft he said, in the saddest of tones, ‘When I die I want it inscribed upon my tombstone that I was the last man to give up the ship.’ Then he wrote slowly across the sheet before him, ‘George T. Ward.’“

“The stillness could almost be felt. One by one they came forward and after a while, Col. Owens, a Baptist minister, who is lame, came up to sign and in a loud voice he said: ‘Unlike my friend, Colonel Ward, I want it inscribed on MY tombstone that I was the FIRST man to quit the rotten old hulk.’ A very faint applause greeted this, but it died away before it hardly began. This was no time for jesting; it meant too much.’”

Epps said it wasn’t long before the mood changed. She said that when the last name was signed “cheer after cheer rent the air; it was deafening. Our world seemed to have gone wild.” Epps said that former Governor Richard Keith Call, who had opposed the ordinance, had tears “streaming down his face” during the celebration.

By the end of February, the new “independent nation” of Florida officially joined the Confederacy.

Florida’s Ordinance of Secession:

“We, the People of the State of Florida in Convention assembled, do solemnly ordain, publish and declare: That the State of Florida hereby withdraws herself from the Confederacy of States existing under the name of the United States of America, and from the existing Government of said States; and that all political connection between her and the Government of said States ought to be and the same is hereby totally annulled, and said union of States dissolved; and the State of Florida is hereby declared a Sovereign and Independent Nation; and that all ordinances heretofore adopted in so far as they create or recognize said Union are rescinded; and all laws or parts of laws in force in this State, in so far as they recognize or assent to said Union be and they are hereby repealed. “

Learn more about Florida’s history during the Civil War by checking out Episode Three of WFSU’s Florida Footprints Documentary series. The episode is called “The Confederate Road.”

January 14, 1844

John E. Proctor born on this day

Born in 1844, John E. Proctor became a politician in Tallahassee just a few years after the Emancipation Proclamation freed him from slavery. John was a member of the Florida House of Representatives representing Leon County from 1873 to 1875 and again from 1879 to 1881.  He later served in the Florida Senate representing District 8 from 1883 to 1885.

John Proctor was part of a third generation of Tallahassee Proctors whose life not only made a significant mark on the city of Tallahassee but also reflected the changing role of African Americans in the United States from its founding to after the Civil War.  Their lives were documented in Lee Warner’s book, “Free Men in an Age of Servitude: Three Generations of a Black Family,”

John’s grandfather, Antonio Proctor, born in the capital of the Dominican Republic, was enslaved as a child and was owned by a British Officer during the American Revolution. Antonio gained his freedom after the war while working for a trading company.  Proctor’s work as translator and guide on explorations of the Territory of Florida helped lead to the founding of Tallahassee in 1824.

According to Warner’s book, both Antonio and one of his sons, George, settled in Tallahassee between 1829 and 1830. George, a master carpenter, built several homes in the new community. Several are still standing today, including the Knott House and the Rutgers House. 

George was one of the few free black men in the Tallahassee community at the time.  He had to purchase his wife so his children could also be born free. However, a poor economy and rising debts for a family with 6 children grew.  In 1949, George left his family behind to go to California during the Gold Rush, hoping to pay off his debts.   George did not succeed and never returned to Tallahassee. His wife and his children, including John, were enslaved to pay off George’s debts in 1854. John was 10 years old.

John was 21 when the war ended.  After he gained his freedom, John worked as a waiter and eventually became a teacher before turning his attention to politics. Proctor died December 1944 just a few months shy of his 101^st birthday.   

January 14, 1941

Happy Birthday, Faye Dunaway!

Oscar-winning Actress Faye Dunaway was born on January 14, 1941, in the town of Bascom, Florida.  Located in the northern part of Jackson County, Dorothy Faye Dunaway didn’t spend much time in the small town as a child. Her father was in the military and the family moved around.

In 1955, Faye began her sophomore year at Leon High School in Tallahassee. Her mother had remarried and the family lived on Dellwood Drive off of North Monroe Street.  Dunaway crammed a lot into her three years at Leon. She performed lead roles in the Junior and Senior class plays, was a cheerleader, and a member of the National Honor Society. In May 1958, right before graduation, Faye lost the contest for the Tallahassee May Day Queen by 6 votes.

After graduating from Leon, Dunaway spent her first year at Florida State University majoring in speech before transferring to the University of Florida and then later to Boston College where she majored in drama.  Dunaway’s break-out acting role was in the movie “Bonnie & Clyde.” She won an Oscar for Best Actress for her performance in the movie “Network” in 1977.

January 15, 1978

Bundy attacks women at FSU’s Chi Omega Sorority House

Just 6 days after arriving in Tallahassee, escaped murderer Theodore “Ted” Bundy entered Chi Omega Sorority house on Florida State University’s campus around 3 a.m. A faulty lock on the back door allowed him access to the building.  Bundy snuck into the rooms of 4 sleeping women and using a piece of wood like a club, he beat them so severely he made it impossible for them to call out. He mutilated and assaulted the 4 women, killing two: Margaret Bowman and Lisa Levy. As he left the house, another Chi Omega sister returning home in the early morning hours saw Bundy leave the sorority house.  At his trial later, she said she made eye contact with Bundy as he left. 

Bundy’s night of violence wasn’t over. After the Sorority house, he then headed a few blocks away and broke into the apartment of another sleeping woman. He violently attacked her as well, but she also survived. 

After the attacks, Bundy continued his stay in Tallahassee for almost a month, speculating with others in the rooming house about who could have committed the crimes.  On February 8^th, Bundy stole a van and drove to Lake City where he kidnapped, raped, and killed 12-year-old Kimberly Dianne Leach. Her mutilated body wasn’t found for almost two months.

Bundy finally left Tallahassee on February 12 heading toward Pensacola.  He was stopped by a police officer there for driving another stolen vehicle. Bundy attacked the officer and was arrested. He was eventually charged, tried, and convicted in the murders and attacks on the Chi Omega women and the Lake City girl.  The State of Florida Executed Ted Bundy in 1989.   By then, he had confessed to 30 murders, but investigators are not sure exactly how many women Bundy killed in his lifetime.

The first segment in episode 7 of the WFSU Florida Footprints documentary looks at Bundy’s murders in Tallahassee and how it changed the community.

January 19, 1957

Ordinance regarding assigned seating on buses is tested

Six students tested a new Tallahassee city ordinance that was intended to perpetuate segregation on city buses without officially using the word “segregation.”  The City Commission had passed  Ordinance 741  on January 7^th. It allowed bus drivers to assign passengers to specific seats. According to Glenda Alice Rabby’s book “The Pain and the Promise,” six college students (three black and three white) decided to challenge the rule. 

Upon getting on the bus that day, driver Emory Elkin assigned the three black Florida A&M students (Leonard Speed, John Herndon, and Harold Owens) to sit together at the back of the bus and the three white FSU students (Joe Spatna, Jon Folsom, and James Kennedy) to sit together at the front. During the ride three of the students (Spatna, Speed, and Herndon) switched places so they were sitting in interracial pairings. When the students refused to return to their assigned seats, the police were called.   Speed, Spatna, and Herndon were arrested and the other three were ordered to appear as material witnesses.

The three were found guilty and sentenced to 60 days in jail and given a $500 fine.

January 21, 1801

Tallahassee’s “Prince” is born

On this day in 1801, future Tallahassean Achille Murat was born in Paris, France to the sister of Napoleon Bonapart.  Bonapart, who was crowned Emperor of France in 1804 made his sister and brother-in-law the Queen and King of Naples, which in turn made Achille a crown prince.  

The royal title was short-lived for Murat (whose full name was Charles Louis Napoleon Achille Murat.) When Napoleon was exiled in 1815, Murat’s father was also dethroned and then executed, and the Murat family left the country. Eventually, Murat ended up in the United States. While touring the country he met future Territorial Governor of Florida, Richard Call in Washington, D.C.  Having talked about the possibilities existing in the newly acquired territory, Murat moved to St. Augustine and then later Tallahassee.

Murat married Catherine Willis Gray, the great-grandniece of George Washington, and became a  naturalized citizen.  He was Postmaster of Tallahassee for many years. The Murats had a plantation in Jefferson County called Lipona which was an anagram of Napoli (Naples). The Murats temporarily moved to Louisiana but soon returned. Debts forced Murat to lose the Lipona plantation in 1939 and the couple moved to another plantation called Econchatti.   Murat died April 15, 1847.  He is buried next to his wife a St. John’s Episcopal Church Cemetery. 

January 21, 1949 

WFSU Radio goes on air for the first time.

The WFSU Public Media that you know today got its first moment over the air with a radio station in 1949. Initially heard on 660 AM only on the campus of Florida State University, the station had an interesting creation story.

In the early days of FSU, the male and female students still had separate student governments stemming from the days when Florida State College for Women was still single sex institution. Men initially attending FSCW as part of the Tallahassee Branch of the University of Florida before the legislature created the co-educational FSU.  In the spring of 1948, Florida State University’s Men’s Senate was considering how to spend $2700 money left in the recreation budget from TBUF. The decision came down to a roller-skating rink or a student radio station.  At a Forum in April, both sides were presented and the radio station won in a vote of 49 to 26. The following month it was put to a vote with all the male students on FSU’s campus. 439 voted for the radio station, 106 for the skating rink. 72 didn’t want either.

The rink defeated, and station decided upon, it took several months for the station to be built. Once it was on the air, WFSU 660 AM grew quickly in popularity on campus. Unfortunately, it was temporarily shut down in 1953 when the signal unintentionally reached beyond the edges of the campus. With the blessing of the Federal Communications Commission, the station relaunched on 91.5 FM in 1954.

 In 1990, WFSU FM moved to 88.9 FM. The original radio channel, 91.5 FM, was rebranded WFSQ and became an all-music format station.

January 22, 1972

NFL Defensive End born in Tallahassee on this day

NFL player Toddrick McIntosh was born in Tallahassee on January 22, 1972.  He went to high school in Texas, but returned to Florida’s capital to play for Bobby Bowden and the Florida State Seminoles.  McIntosh played a variety of defensive positions throughout his college career. In 1993, his last year at FSU, he started as left defensive tackle and helped the team win their first national championship in the Orange Bowl against Nebraska.

McIntosh left FSU after that season for the NFL.  He was drafted to the Dallas Cowboys in the seventh round.  Throughout his three-year NFL career McIntosh played with the Cowboys, Buccaneers, Saints, Packers, and Vikings.

Toddrick McIntosh was part of a class action lawsuit with thousands of other former NFL players saying they were not provided information about football-related brain injuries. In June of 2014, Mcintosh told the CBS station in Miami about his own health issues. “I notice sometimes when I walk, my equilibrium’s off, my balance is off, or I have a headache. For years we thought that was part of the game. Coming to find out this has something to do with concussions in the NFL.”  A one-billion-dollar settlement in the case was reached and approved in 2017.

McIntosh died in September 2014 following a stroke. He was 42 years old.

January 23, 1897

First recorded lynching in Tallahassee takes place

Pierce Taylor was killed by a mob on this day in 1897 in what a newspaper called the first lynching in Leon County.   According to the January 25, 1897 article in the Los Angeles Herald. Taylor had been arrested after an attempted assault on a woman from the community.  It went on to say that a mob took the black man from the jail and hung him from “a tree in the jail yard.”  The Equal Justice Initiative also reported on their website that Taylor’s body was then shot multiple times while hanging from the tree.

On July 17, 2021, the EJI dedicated a historical marker at Tallahassee’s Cascades Park near where the jail once stood. It was dedicated to Taylor and three other men who were lynched in the county    In addition to Taylor’s lynching in 1897, Mick Morris was lynched in 1909, and in 1937 a mob kidnapped Richard Hawkins and Ernest Ponder from the local jail, shot them, and left their bodies “in a grove of oak trees along a Jacksonville highway.”

January 24, 1989

Serial Killer Ted Bundy executed

More than a decade after serial killer Theodore “Ted” Bundy committed several gruesome murders in the Tallassee and Lake City area, he was executed by the state of Florida.

Before his death, Bundy had confessed to 30 murders, but his Florida execution stemmed from the single murder of a 12-year-old girl in Lake City on February 8, 1978. He had kidnapped junior high school student Kimberly Dianne Leach, then raped and killed her.  It was almost two months before her mutilated body was found.

Just a few weeks before Leach’s murder, Bundy had arrived in Tallahassee after escaping from a Colorado jail while awaiting trial on other murder charges. It was his second escape from custody within the year.  In this escape, Bundy made it to Tallahassee where he blended into the Florida State University campus. Early in the morning on January 15, Bundy entered the Chi Omega Sorority House at FSU. Beating and assaulting four sleeping women in the house, he killed two.  He then entered another apartment a few blocks away and attacked another woman.  The horrific attacks rocked Tallahassee.

Bundy stayed in the area for almost a month before heading toward Pensacola when he was stopped by officers for driving a stolen car and then resisted arrest.  A judge ordered Bundy’s trial on the sorority murder charges to be moved from Tallahassee and down to Miami. It became one of the first trials televised nationally.  He was found guilty and given the death penalty.  Several months later he was tried and convicted for the Lake City murder.

The appeals process took several years and Bundy attempted to delay his execution by periodically providing information about many of his victims and the crimes he committed against him. But in 1989 his appeals ran out and he was executed in Florida’s electric chair.  Outside the facility, crowds of people waited for the news that the death penalty had been carried out and they cheered the news of his death.

January 26, 1838

Happy Birthday, Calhoun County!

Florida’s Territorial legislature created Calhoun County on this day in 1838 out of parts from Franklin, Jackson, and Washington counties.  Later, Calhoun county’s board changed  when Bay and Gulf counties were created in 1913 and 1925 respectively.

According to the Calhoun County Chamber of Commerce website, the county was created to establish St. Joseph (the county seat) “as a commercial competitor to Apalachicola.” By 1844 yellow fever and hurricanes had ravaged St. Joseph. The people of the town abandoned the city. Blountstown is the current County seat and largest city in the county.

Calhoun County was named after former U.S. Vice President John C. Calhoun. Calhoun had served as VP under Presidents Andrew Jackson and John Quincy Adams.  When the United States gained Florida as a territory, Calhoun had been serving as the U.S. Secretary of War. At the time of the creation of the county, he was a U.S. Senator from South Carolina.

January 31, 1919 

The baseball and civil rights legend is born in Cairo, GA

On this day in 1919, Jack Roosevelt Robinson was born in Cairo, Georgia.  Called Jackie, he didn’t spend much time in the small town north of the Florida state line. Robinson’s mother and four older siblings moved to Pasadena, California a year later.

Robinson was a tremendous athlete and played multiple sports growing up in the West Coast state. After college and serving in World War II, Robinson wanted to play Major League baseball. However, at the time, baseball was segregated.  Robinson ended up playing for the “Negro Leagues.” At the same time, the General Manager of the Major League Brooklyn Dodgers, Branch Rickey, was looking for black players to help him integrate the all-white team and eventually all of baseball.

Rickey approached Robinson and in 1946, Robinson began playing in the minor leagues for Montreal Royals, a farm team for the Dodgers.  On April 15, 1947, Robinson broke the color barrier on a national level by playing his first game for the Dodgers.  Facing opposition from much of his own team and many baseball fans, Robinson handled racism and a baseball in such a way that not only is the sport integrated today because of him, but he is recognized as one of baseball’s greatest players.

Robinson died on October 24, 1972.

Learn more about the life of Jackie Robinson in the documentary about his life by Ken Burns. WFSU and PBS Passport members can watch it here.

History is a work in progress, just like this page…

These are just some of the interesting facts about the history of our community.  More moments, events, and people will be added to these memories as time goes on.  The WFSU Local Routes team will continue to research, write, and add other historic moments to this month as time goes on.  Follow us on Facebook and Instagram for more new-to-you facts about the history of Tallahassee as well as our other north Florida and south Georgia communities.  You can also share local historic moments you’d like to see included in our list. Email localroutes@wfsu.org.

When WFSU first took part in the American Graduate Initiative, it focused on encouraging students to get their high school diploma. Today that mission has expanded and is incorporating the world of social media to helps students explore the many careers they could pursue with and without college degrees.

Enter Jhori Stallworth, WFSU’s Social Media Specialist who using Instagram to share knowledge about jobs in the health care field. In this video, she answers the question “What is American Graduate: Job’s Explained?” and how it’s specifically designed to reach teenagers where they spend so much of their time: Social Media.

Follow Jhori and WFSU’s American Graduate: Jobs Explained on Instagram @healthcarejobs_explained and check out jobsexplained.org.

It’s your Birthday, Tallahassee!

The city we all call Tallahassee traces its Florida capital history back to 1824.  That is when the first 13 members of Florida’s territorial legislature, appointed by President James Monroe voted to make it the site of the new territorial capital.  To commemorate the Capital City’s bicentennial, the troupe from Theater With A Mission is doing free public performances interpreting scenes from our local history, now through the coming year.  Happy Birthday, Tallahassee!

History is Theater

Florida, and especially north Florida had about 300 years of European influence before it became a U.S. territory.  According to Ben Gunter, Theater With A Mission’s Artistic Director, “More plays were written in Spanish while Spain governed Florida, than have ever been written in any language, anywhere.”  TWAM, in conjunction with Mission San Luis, has been researching, interpreting, and adapting some of those plays from Spanish Florida’s history.  According to Gunter, all over Spanish Florida, plays were used to teach by priests, and to raise money by royal officials for public infrastructure.  Hear him talk about that more here.  

The Mission is Historical

Theater With A Mission enjoys a collaborative relationship with the Tallahassee Historical Society.  THS president Bob Holladay explains, “The purpose of the Tallahassee Historical Society is to educate and commemorate, but not necessarily celebrate the history of Tallahassee and Leon County in this area and to work with other organizations…”.  Hear him talk about that more here.  The reenactment of ritual and history by Theater With A Mission is one form of education and preservation.

What Happened To Our Spanish History?

I find it curious that we don’t seem to hear much about Spanish influences in our local history. Before Florida was a U.S. Territory, it was governed by Spain.  The Spanish Crown controlled all the lands along the Gulf Coast and most of the territory west of the Mississippi River.  Spain had been first to “claim” La Florida when Ponce De Leon showed up in 1513.  The area we call Tallahassee had been called Anhaica by the early native Apalachee and Muscogee.  The Spanish had set up missions across East, Middle, and West Florida but in the early to mid 1700’s, British raids cleared most of Florida of its early indigenous people.  Britain took control of Florida in 1763. After the end of American Revolutionary War in 1783, Spain regained control of Florida.  Creek and Seminole Indians had been repopulating the area.  Native peoples had been dealing with European intrusions for about 500 years before the Americans got involved.  The English preferred to enslave or kill them, the Spanish had wanted to enslave or convert them to Christianity.  The newly independent Americans wanted them to disappear.  Andrew Jackson and the First Seminole War (1818) almost did the job.  Jackson’s early raids on the border Indian tribes were actually U.S. attacks on Spanish territory.  I’ll bet you never heard that interpretation in high school history class.  The Spanish crown was finding it too difficult to maintain control over Florida from across the Atlantic.  In 1819, the Adams-Onis treaty was signed, and in 1821 Florida became a U.S. Territory.  That treaty is probably why we don’t hear much about the Spanish influence in our Florida history.  Or as Holladay bluntly opines, “you know, the winners write the history, and the Spanish didn’t hold on to Florida”. 

Why is Tallahassee here?

The site of our fair city was chosen as a matter of travel convenience.  The politicos of the day were forced to travel between St. Augustine and Pensacola on an alternating schedule for legislative sessions.  It was dangerous and difficult, so it was decided that a capital would be built in between.  The first legislative session was held in 1824 in a cabin located where today’s Cascades Park sits.  If you would like to learn more about Tallahassee and old Florida’s history, catch some of the upcoming performances by Theater With A Mission.

Theater with a Mission held a special event November 24-26, 2023 at Goodwood Museum and Gardens.

Click here to listen to WFSU-FM’s Tom Flanigan’s story about it here.

TWAM says “Tally Turkey Time Travel takes you back to 1823, for a sneak preview of the feasts, beasts, politics, and people who paved the way for Tallahassee to become Florida’s capital 200 years ago.”

Activities: Animal Exhibits by Tallahassee Museum, Redemptive Love Farms, and Galiceno Horses; Kids Activities and Crafts, Native American Story-telling, 4 original plays, vendors, food trucks!

Go to Theater with a Mission’s Website to learn more about future events.

In this episode we explore the local historical acting troupe: Theatre with a Mission. Plus, we go into the Marsh at night searching for a specific type of creature called “Firebirds”. Look at efforts to help high school students find their future careers. We also have a musical performance by local group “Soul Candy.”

Mundi’s Attapulgus Adventure

It’s hard to imagine the world’s largest land animal acting like a little puppy, but that’s exactly how Mundi the elephant behaved when she began to settle into her new home in Attapulgus, Georgia. Flopping her ears and swishing her tail, the 8-foot tall, 8,000-pound elephant showed nothing but curiosity and excitement as I got to witness her in her new habitat at Elephant Refuge North America.

The 41-year-old African elephant has spent the majority of her life in what I call the “animal entertainment” industry. For the past 35 years, Mundi has been on display at the Mayaguez Zoo, also known as the Dr. Juan A. Rivero Zoo, in Puerto Rico. The zoo was shut down to the public following damage from Hurricane Maria in 2017. The animals remained for years, but in February 2023 concern over their health and care led the U.S. Department of Justice to order the permanent closing of the zoo and the relocation of all animals that remained. By that time, Mundi was blind in one eye and missing a tusk.

Mundi’s Life in Puerto Rico

For her three-plus decades at the zoo, Mundi had been the only elephant in the facility and spent all those years alone. Mundi also spent that entire time in an enclosure that was 15,000 square feet.  Equal to about one-third of an acre, 15,000 square feet may sound like a lot of space, but for a large animal like an elephant, things can get cramped quickly. When I looked at an aerial photo of Mundi’s enclosure in Puerto Rico, I found it hard to believe that a creature of her size could be comfortable living there long term. Then there was the fact that Mundi had lived there all by herself. According to elephant expert and caregiver Carol Buckley, zoos have traditionally housed elephants alone. “No one realized the damage that was doing to them, and now we’re seeing progress in the Association of Zoos requiring that you have more than 1 elephant together,” said Buckley. “There are some zoos now that actually have bachelor herds of males which is fantastic. They’re just starting to see that they need more space, they need to be with others of their own kind, and you need to give them autonomy, just like us.”

Carol Buckley, the CEO and President of Elephant Aid International and founder of Elephant Refuge North America, has been with Mundi every step of the way in the process of relocating her to the refuge in south Georgia.  Buckley described the elephant to be calm and curious upon arrival, saying she seemed to adapt well to her new environment as well as the other animals at the refuge. “Elephants are highly social, so they derive a lot of security and comfort from other elephants. And Mundi’s doing great, even better than we expected for being alone for 35 years,” said Buckley.  “But that demonstrates that you never lose the wild of this animal. You can bring a wild animal into captivity but you can’t change who they are. You just inhibit their natural behavior by the facilities and the management you put on them.”

A custom-built transport crate was built for Mundi and delivered to the zoo a month prior to the travel date so she could become accustomed to it before the journey. Then, on May 12, 2023, Mundi did something most elephants will never get the opportunity to do: fly. The flight to Jacksonville, Florida, funded by The Wild Animal Sanctuary, took about 3 hours. Mundi then traveled the rest of the way to the Elephant Refuge North America in her transport crate on the back of a truck.

Elephant Refuge North America

The Refuge is 850 acres of natural terrain that includes forests, fields, and lakes that the retired elephants are free to live in and explore. The warm climate of the area allows the animals to stay outside most of the year.  There is also a barn where the elephants can stay if they choose. According to Buckley, when it came to the size of the refuge she could have made it larger. However, Buckley says she chose to focus on what was manageable and best for these large creatures.  “I choose to stay small, yet make it be 100% effective for the elephants.”

 Unlike the zoo where Mundi grew up, the refuge is not open to the human public. Buckley says this type of isolation helps provide the elephants with a more realistic taste of the wild. She says Mundi can spend all her time enjoying and exploring the location while getting to know her new companions, Bo and Tarra.

Hello Roomie!

Bo and Tarra were the first residents of the refuge, and they both seemed eager to welcome their new roommate to the area. I was able to see the three elephants interact with each other during their first week together. At the time, there was still a fence between them during this “get-to-know-you” stage. Still, the elephants showed genuine interest and delight in each other. “They’re always wild,” says Buckley. “[Mundi is] always going to have that elephant sense and she always has that drive. She may not know how to really correctly act around other elephants, but she can learn, and Bo will teach her,” continues Buckley with a smile.  

For me, observing the elephant interactions was like watching a long-awaited family reunion; with gentle gestures, squeals, and trunk touches, it was clear that the animals enjoyed the presence of one another, and provided a strong welcome for Mundi.

Both retired animal entertainers themselves, Bo and Tarra came to the refuge in 2021. Bo was the first resident of the refuge in September, and Tarra followed two months later. The tale of Bo and Tarra has been the subject of a Local Routes story before. WFSU’s Mike Plummer followed the construction of the refuge and met both elephants a few months after Tarra’s arrival.

Bo and Tarra are Asian elephants, whereas Mundi is an African Savanna elephant. Seeing these creatures together, the differences are quite noticeable. Mundi is a little smaller. Her skin is also more of a tan color, as opposed to Bo and Tarra’s gray. Another key difference is their ears. According to Elephant Aid International, African elephant’s ears are pointed and triangular-shaped, resembling the continent of Africa.

There is one other non-elephant type creature that lives at the refuge, Sammie the dog.  After a short time together, Mundi and Sammie can often been seen chasing each other around the secure enclosure. Once again, Mundi seeming to act more like a puppy at play than a middle-aged half-blind elephant.  

Although the refuge is not open to the public for you to see these elephants (and dog) in person, it is possible to witness these moments between these animals online. The refuge has installed cameras that stream live video of the elephants as they explore and live in their new environment.  Buckley says this allows the public to get live updates and footage of the elephants without the risk of disrupting the elephant’s space or peace. To watch these elephants mingle for yourself, check out their Elecam.

Check out this video with the first video we had of Mundi in her new environment.

At 8:30 in the morning, I walk into the Tallahassee Museum, humidity clinging to my t-shirt, the thermostat already rising. A half-hour before the museum opens, I gather with my team from WFSU, Suzie Buzzo, an animal curator at the museum, and Chris Bruton, Lead Keeper, to watch them ready the Florida panthers for the day.

Walking past industrial refrigerators filled with food in what Suzie referred to as “the kitchen” we come face-to-face with Buddha, a Florida panther, dozing in the corner of his nighttime quarters–a simple chain-link enclosure with a raised platform. As we walk up to his cage, Buddha becomes excited, pacing the concrete enclosure, stimulated by Suzie’s voice. As his oversized paws pad the ground, a deep purr emanates from his chest. Suzie scratches the back of his head.

“They’re the largest wild cats to purr,” she says.

Meeting Buddha, The Tallahassee Museum’s resident panther

Buddha is a 12-year-old 120-pound male Florida Panther, one of the largest and most charismatic animals at the Tallahassee Museum. Like most of the animals at the museum, he’s incapable of living in the wild. As a kitten, before arriving at the museum, he fractured his humerus, later receiving an injection of stem cells to heal the injury. Now, as part of his morning routine, Buddha gets laser therapy treatment via a wand that emits a low-level light to provide some relief to his inflammation, arthritis, and swelling. As Suzie and Chris wave the laser across Buddha’s thick fur, he lays on his raised platform, purring loudly.

After Buddha’s therapy, which lasts only a few minutes, I follow Suzie as she walks Buddha’s larger, daytime enclosure. A large live oak casts shade over the enclosure; resurrection fern that has turned brown in response to the recent dry spell traces its spindly limbs. Dried leaves crinkle beneath our feet as we walk.

Local singer Kanise is serving up a vibrant blend of energy, color, and flow in this full episode of Spotlight! In the October 19th, 2023 episode of Local Routes we shared one of her songs from this episode. Hear more of her music and learn more about her in a special interview in this video. Don’t miss out on the spectacular performance with her band and Facey.

Get ready to be blown away!

@kanise427 @facey7650

I set the camera on the ground, and watch as the fire burns slowly through the grass towards me. By the end of the day, the ground will be black and empty. Fire hits the reset button in longleaf ecosystems; applied every 1-3 years, grasses and wildflowers cover more ground than do woody plants. In turn, this openness suits a host of animals that have evolved in this landscape. Frequent fire creates ecological balance here.

But might ecological balance locally contribute to an environmental imbalance globally? Watching the foliage turn to ash and smoke, we’re seeing carbon leave plants and enter the atmosphere. Regular prescribed fire is good for plants and animals, but might it be contributing to global climate change?

It’s a question that has interested researchers in recent decades. One of those researchers is Dr. Josh Puhlick, a silviculturist at the Jones Center at Ichauway, in south Georgia. Today the Jones Center is applying prescribed fire to several plots of longleaf forest. They’ve been at it for a little over a month, and so we can see different plots in different states of regrowth.

The Jones Center is a 29,000 acre laboratory, and these parcels of land are the foundation of the research conducted here. In these plots, Josh and his colleagues can see how flora and fauna respond to fire in different scenarios. They can experiment with different methods of sustainably harvesting timber from the forest. And they can also see how this ecosystem stores and releases carbon after a fire.

Can the longleaf pine habitat store more carbon than it burns away?

To many, longleaf pine ecosystems are more savannas than forests. The ideal habitat resembles a grassland, with pines standing a respectful distance from one another. When thinking about carbon in this habitat, I think of how few trees there are compared to other forest types.

About 58% of a plant’s matter is carbon. It would take a lot of wiregrass to store as much carbon as a tree that can grow to 120 feet tall, and that has a dense wooden trunk. Fire suppresses oaks and other hardwoods, not killing them, but keeping them small. Without fire, they become full sized trees, and so they would store much more carbon. Allowing this to happen would reduce the diversity of plant and animal species in the system, but might it not take more carbon out of the atmosphere?

And then there’s the smoke. Plants store carbon in their bodies in the form of carbohydrates. When fire burns away the grasses, palmettos, wildflowers, and the leaves of all the hardwoods, carbohydrates become carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas.

Doing the carbon math on my fingers, it’s hard to see the longleaf ecosystem as carbon negative (meaning it takes in more carbon than it emits). But when the Jones Center and other researchers actually measure the carbon coming into and going out of the whole system, what do they find? The answer’s not as obvious.

In this episode, we see how Mundi the elephant is doing at a refuge in Attipulgus, Georgia. We hear the “purrs” of Buddha the panther at the Tallahassee Museum. Plus we see how a man losing his sight still embraces the act of creating art. And we explore how controlled burning of local forests impacts the amount carbon in the environment. Spotlight features a musical performance by local singer: Kanise.

“Attitude is a little thing that makes a big difference”

– Winston Churchill

There’s a gentleman living in Valdosta, Georgia, who has a great attitude.  He’s had more than his share of bum breaks, but he always sees his glass as at least half full.  And these days, seeing anything has turned into a real challenge for him.  Watch the video, you’ll see what I mean. 

Glaucoma is in the eye of the artist.

James Cocke is 70ish years old and has end-stage glaucoma.  His vision in one eye has been completely snuffed out, and vision in the other eye is severely impaired.  Glaucoma hinders even the simplest activities.  Just walking in the yard is dangerous without depth perception and a simple porch step may as well be a cliff, but James soldiers on.

The effects of glaucoma on his vision inspired James to take up an improbable new pastime.  He started painting.  Some of the images he tries to express are the glaucoma patterns that cloud his vision, others show a sense of humor.  He’s no Van Gogh, but he really enjoys it.    

Cocke Tales…and other stories.

James can also spin a yarn and he’s collected a lifetime of stories.  But he’s done something most of us probably wouldn’t.  Glaucoma be damned, he put them together in a book.  His experience with glaucoma has given him a sense of urgency.  His biggest piece of advice: don’t procrastinate, do it today.  How is that for some attitude?  

…It’s Our Name!

Speaking of lifetimes, something he’s had his whole life is his last name, Cocke.  To pronounce it, think of what you do with a gun before you fire it.  You can probably imagine the taunting that moniker got him throughout grade school.  But James just owns it. In fact, at one point he and his three sons even trademarked it!   Online extra: Click here for video of James talking about his last name.

Attitude is Everything

His father died when James was 4 years old, and his mother was institutionalized for mental health issues for most of his early life.  He was raised by his grandparents.  James and his wife Diane, have three grown children and five grandchildren.  Throughout his life, James has held different types of jobs, started a business or two, and collected a lifetime of funny stories and a positive attitude.  I’m sure that his positive attitude has something to do with funny stories.  So next time you’re feeling a bit down, think of your neighbor, James Cocke, and remember attitude is a little thing that makes a big difference.